Introduction In June 2025, the fragile balance in the Middle East collapsed into open military confrontation as long-standing hostilities between Israel and Iran erupted into an intense conflict. Sparked by Israeli airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities and rapidly followed by Iranian missile attacks on Israeli cities, this war has entered its second week, threatening regional stability and global security. This comprehensive overview explores the key developments, human toll, geopolitical reactions, and what lies ahead. 1. The Spark: Israeli Strikes on Iranian Nuclear Facilities The conflict began on June 13, 2025, when Israel launched precision airstrikes on key Iranian military and nuclear sites, including Natanz and the Khondab heavy water reactor. Israel justified its actions by citing an "imminent threat" from Iran's nuclear ambitions. Among the targets were top Iranian officials and nuclear scientists, triggering swift condemnation from Tehran. 2. Iran Re...
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